ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Tube Arrangement on the Thermal Performance of Indirect Water Bath Heaters
Natural convection heat transfer from a tube bundle in the indirect water bath heaters is investigated. A computer-code is used for the solution of the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy transfer based on the SIMPLE-C algorithm. Simulations are carried out for the gas pressure station heater of Kermanshah city with various tube bundle arrangements. In order to validate the numerical code, results of the simulation compared with experimental data which measured from this heater. Effects of the tube bundle arrangement on heat transfer are presented. It is observed that changing the tube bundle arrangement (horizontal and vertical pitch) can affect the rate of heat transfer. In other word it can lead to increase the thermal performance of the indirect water bath heater. Finally, based on this framework it is suggested that the optimum arrangement of tube bundle can lead to the maximum heat transfer. Hence the performance enhances to 5.27%.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_3889_f2c52614a7a95a8ac6f159a46f037df9.pdf
2013-12-01
69
81
10.22059/jchpe.2013.3889
Tube arrangement
Natural convection
Indirect water bath heater
City gas station
Heater performance
Esmaeil
Ashouri
e.ashouri63@gmail.com
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Veisy
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Asadi
3
Department of Physics, Arak University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Hedayat
Azizpour
4
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsaneh
Sadr
5
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Morgan, V.T. (1975). “The overall convective heat transfer from a smooth cylinder.” Adv. in Heat Transfer, 11, pp. 199-264.
1
[2] Churchill, S.W. and Chu, H.H.S. (1975). “Correlating equations for laminar and turbulent free convection from a horizontal cylinder.” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 18(9), pp.1049-1053.
2
[3] Collis, D.C. and Williams, M.J. (1954). “Free convection of heat from fine wires.” Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Melbourne, Australia, Note 140.
3
[4] Sparrow, E.M. and Niethammer, J.E. (1981). “Effect of vertical separation distance and cylinder-to-cylinder temperature imbalance on natural convection for a pair of horizontal cylinders.” Int. J. Heat Transfer, 103(4), pp. 638-644.
4
[5] Tokura, I., Saito, H., Kishinami, K. and Muramoto, K. (1983). “An experimental study of free convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder in a vertical array set in free space between parallel walls.” Int. J. Heat Transfer, 104, pp.102-107.
5
[6] Chouikh, R., Guizani, A., Maalej, M. and Belghith, A. (2000). “Experimental study of the natural convection flow around an array of heated horizontal cylinders.” Renewable Energy, 21(1), pp. 65-78.
6
[7] Lieberman, J. and Gebhart, B. (1969). ”Interactions in natural convection from an array of heated elements, experimental.” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans, 12(11), pp. 1385-1396.
7
[8] Marsters, G.F. (1972).” Arrays of heated horizontal cylinders in natural convection.” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans, 15(5), pp. 921-933.
8
[9] Yousefi, T. and Ashjaee, M. (2007). ”Experimental study of natural convection heat transfer from vertical array of isothermal horizontal elliptic cylinders.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 32, pp. 240-248.
9
[10] Ashjaee, M. and Yousefi, T. (2007). ”Experimental study of free convection heat transfer from horizontal isothermal cylinders arranged in vertical and inclined arrays.” Int. J. Heat Transfer Eng., 28(5), pp. 460-471.
10
[11] Van Doormaal, J.P. and Raithby, G.D. (1984). “Enhancements of the simple method for predicting incompressible fluid flows.” Int. J. Heat Transfer, 11, pp. 147–163.
11
[12] Patankar, S.V. and Spalding, D.B. (1972). ”A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 15, pp. 1787–1797.
12
[13] Leonard, B.P. (1979). ”A stable and accurate convective modeling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation.” Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 19, pp. 59–78.
13
[14] Patanka, S.V. (1980). “Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow.” Hemisphere Publ. Co., Washington, DC.
14
[15] American petroleum institute, (2008). API Specification 12K, Specification for Indirect Type Oilfield Heaters, eighth edition.
15
[16] Wilson, A.S. and Bassiouny, M.K. (2000). “Modeling of heat transfer for flow across tube banks.” Int. J. Chem. Eng. Process., 39, 1-14.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Fully Integrated Approach for Better Determination of Fracture Parameters Using Streamline Simulation; A gas condensate reservoir case study in Iran
Many large oil and gas fields in the most productive world regions happen to be fractured. The exploration and development of these reservoirs is a true challenge for many operators. These difficulties are due to uncertainties in geological fracture properties such as aperture, length, connectivity and intensity distribution. To successfully address these challenges, it is paramount to improve the approach of characterization and simulation of fractured reservoirs.In this study, a fully integration of all available data and methods have been used for generating stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN)such as outcrop study, core description, petrophysical and image logs and also for better result validation, streamline simulation has been conducted. In this comprehensive process a real gas condensate fractured carbonate reservoir has been used.Firstly, three main fracture sets were defined that have fold-related fractures, then the fracture intensity and DFN model using fracture drivers correlation were generated. After that, permeability of the developed DFNs was calibrated with available well test permeability. Then, a streamline simulation was used because of its high computational speed, high accuracy and good visualization for the repeated nature of history matching of a dual porosity model in the gas condensate reservoir. So, with running streamline simulation, three realizations (High, Medium and Low) ranked based on the objective function values. These three realizations are common realization that are well known with optimistic, most likely and pessimistic scenarios. Finally, comprehensive history matching was done for all the three-selected realizations.The overall goal is to develop a representative fluid flow simulation model for improving gas cycling procedure in gas condensate reservoir. This method has great application in the high resolution fractured reservoir modeling due to using actual fracture parameters. Also, it can be used for model ranking, screening and optimum dynamic model calibration for reduction of the history matching complexity without being manipulated by reservoir engineer.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_3895_644f74931b87a46eb1cb661361b42dd5.pdf
2013-12-01
83
94
10.22059/jchpe.2013.3895
Fracture parameters
DFN model
Fast history matching
Streamline simulation
DST matching
Amir Abbas
Askari
1
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Turaj
Behrouz
behrouzt@ripi.ir
2
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Aguilera, R. (2003). Geologic and Engineering Aspects of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysics Recorder (February), pp. 44-49.
1
[2] Acuna, J.A., Ershaghi, I. and Yortsos, Y.C. (1995). “Practical application of fractal pressure-transient analysis in naturally fractured reservoirs.” SPEFE 173; Trans., AIME,299.
2
[3] Christie, M., Subbey. S., Sambridge, M. and Thiele, M. (2002). Quantifying Prediction Uncertainty in Reservoir Modeling Using Streamline Simulation. 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference June 2-5, 2002, Columbia University, New York, NY.
3
[4] Datta-Gupta, A. (2000). Streamline Simulation: A Technology Update. JPT 68.
4
[5] Di Donato, G., Huang, W. and Blunt, M.J. “Streamline-based dual porosity simulation of fractured reservoirs." Paper SPE 84036 presented at the Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, CO, 5-8 October.
5
[6] Dershowitz, W., et al. (2003). “Integration of discrete fracture network methods with conventional simulator approaches,” SPE Res. Eval. & Eng., pp. 165-170, (April 2000).
6
[7] Guerreiro, L. et al. (2000). “Integrated reservoir characterization of a fractured carbonate reservoir.” SPE 58995, SPE Inter. Petroleum Conf. and Exhib., Villahermosa, Mexico.
7
[8] Gilman, J.R. et al. (2002). “Statistical ranking of stochastic geomodels using streamline simulation: A field application.” paper SPE 77374 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 29 September–2 October.
8
[9] Idrobo, E. A. (1999): “Characterization and ranking of reservoir models using geostatistics and streamline simulation.” PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University.
9
[10] Haldorsen, H.H. and Damsleth, E. (1993), Challenges in reservoir characterization.AAPG Bulletin, 77(4), pp. 541-551.
10
[11] Kazemi, H., Atan, S., Al-Matrook, M., Dreier J. and Ozkan, E. (2005). Multilevel Fracture Network Modeling of naturally fractured Reservoirs. SPE 77741 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas U.S.A, Jan. 31-Feb. 2.
11
[12] King, M. J. and Datta-Gupta, A. (1998). "Streamline simulation: A current perspective." In Situ,22(1): pp. 91-140.
12
[13] Guttormsen, Li, B., Tran, J. and Hoi, V. (2004). Characterizing Permeability for the Fractured Basement Reservoirs. SPE 88478 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Perth, Australia, 18–20 October.
13
[14] Milliken, W. J., Emanuel, A. S. and Chakravarty, A. (2001). Applications of 3D Streamline Simulationto Assist History Matching. SPE 74712, SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 4 (6), December, 502-507.
14
[15] Nelson, R. A. (1985). Geological Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, GulfPublishing Company, Houston.
15
[16] Reynolds, A. C., He, N. and Oliver, D.S. (1997). “Reducing uncertainty in geostatistical description with well testing pressure data.” in Proc., International Reservoir Characterization Conference, Houston, 2-4 March.
16
[17] Baker, R.O., Kuppe, F., Chugh, S., Bora, R., Stojanovic, S. and Batycky, R. (2002). “Full- field modeling using streamline-based simulation: Four case studies.” SPE Reservoir Eval.& Eng., 5 (2).
17
[18] Tamagawa, T., Matsuura, T., Anraku, T., Tezuka, K. and Namikawa, T. (2002), “Construction of fracture network model using static and dynamic data.” SPE 77741 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, TX, Sept 29-Oct. 2.
18
[19] Verga, F.M., Giglio, G., Politecnico di Torino, Masserano, F. and Ruvo, L. (2002). Validation of Near-Wellbore Fracture-Network Models with MDT. April 2002 SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering.
19
[20] Wang, Y. and Kovscek, A.R. (2000). “Streamline approach for history matching production data.” SPE Journal, (4), pp. 353-362.
20
[21] Zubiri, M. and Silvestro, J. (2007). "Fracture modeling in a dual porosity volcaniclastic reservoir: A case study of the precuyo group in cupen mahuida field, Neuquén, Argentina. AAPG Annual Convention, Long Beach, California, April 1-4.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling and Simulation of Alternative Injections of CO2 and Water into Porous Carbonate Formations
Water alternating gas (WAG) technique is used in the petroleum industry to inject carbon dioxide (CO2) into underground formations either for sequestration or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. CO2 injection causes reactions with formation brine or aquifer and produces carbonic acid, the acid dissolves calcite and changes flow behavior significantly. Modeling and investigating effects of CO2 injection into carbonate formations during WAG processes, investigating parameters related to chemical reactions between reservoir rock and injecting fluid and also better understanding of the process theory for future experiments are the most important goals of this paper. To achieve these experimental data were used. Changes of output calcium concentration from a calcite core sample during three WAG cycles have been studied in laboratory works. The sample is modeled as a medium consisting of a set of capillary pipes and two pore size distribution models are used. Plug flow model and mass conservation law are used for modeling and Darcy law and Hagen-Poiseuille equation are also used to determine characteristics of the porous model. The model is built for linear, miscible and one-dimensional flow. The results show that experimental and model data coincide well in the first and second cycles of both porous models however; they are not coincided in the third cycle. It is because of precipitation and dissolution that cause permeability alternations. Results of the two porous models are compared also.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_3896_dc27a2648145add641835e3403a70ceb.pdf
2013-12-01
95
105
10.22059/jchpe.2013.3896
Water alternating gas
carbon dioxide
Pore size distribution
Porous medium model
Reaction rate constant
Amin
Dehghan
amin_dehgan2003@yahoo.com
1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Hosein
Zareenejad
mh_zareenejad@yahoo.com
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Baghalha
baghalha@sharif.edu
3
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Pahlavanzadeh, H. and Bakhshi, H. (2011). “Measurement and modeling of acridine solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide.” J. Chem. Petrol. Eng., University of Tehran, Vol. 45, No.2, pp. 131-140.
1
[2] Mohamed, I. M. J., He. J. and Nasr – El – Din, H. A. (2011). “Permeability change during Co2 injection in carbonate aquifer, experimental study.” Proc., Int. SPE Americans E & P Health, Safety Security and Environmental Conference, Houston, USA, SPE 140943.
2
[3] Krumhansl, J., Pawer, R., Grigg, R., Westrich, H., Warpinskil, N., Zhang, D., Jove- Colonl, C., Lichtner, P., Lorenz, J., Svec, R., Stubbs, B., Cooper, S., Brandley, C., Rutledge, J. and Byrer, C. (2002). “Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in a depleted oil reservoir.” Proc., Int. SPE / DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Oklahoma, USA, SPE 75256.
3
[4] Izgec, O., Demiral, B., Bertin, H. and Akin, S. (2005). “Co2 injection in carbonates.”Proc., Int. SPE Western Regional Meeting, Irvine, Armenia, SPE 93773.
4
[5] Grigg, R. B. and Svec, R. K. (2008). “Injectivity changes and Co2 retention for EOR and sequestration projects.” Proc., Int. SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Oklahoma, USA, SPE 110760.
5
[6] Mohamed, I. M. J., He. J., Mahmoud, M. A., and Nasr– El– Din, H. A. (2010). “Effects of pressure, Co2 volume and the Co2 to water volumetric ratio on permeability change during Co2 sequestration.” Proc., Int. at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, SPE 139394.
6
[7] Mohamed, I. M. J., He. J. and Nasr – El – Din, H. A. (2011). “Sulfate precipitation during Co2 sequestration in carbonate rock.” Proc., Int. SPE Projects and Facilities Challenges Conference, Doha, Qatar, SPE 139828.
7
[8] Smirnov,A. S., Fedorov, K. M. and Shevelev A. P. (2009). “Modeling the acidizing of a carbonate formation.” Fluid Dyn., Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 113-121.
8
[9] Lagneau, V., Pipart, A. and Catalette, H. (2005). “Reactive transport modeling of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers.” Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 231-247.
9
[10] Nghiem, L., Sammon, P., Grabenstetter, J. and Ohkuma, H. (2004). “Modeling Co2 storage in aquifers with a fully-coupled geochemical EOS compositional simulation.” Proc., Int. SPE/DOE Fourteen Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
10
[11] Settari, A. and Mourits, F. M. (1998). “A coupled reservoir and geomechanical modeling system.”SPEJ, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 219-226.
11
[12] James, E., House. (2007). Principles of Chemical Kinetics. 2nd Ed. Elsevier Inc., USA.
12
[13] Ronald, W., Missen, Charles, A., Mims and Saville, B. (1999). Introduction to ChemicalReaction Engineering and Kinetics. 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, USA.
13
[14] Schmidt and Lanny, D. (1998). The Engineering of Chemical Reactions.2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
14
[15] University of Michigan website: Plug Flow Reactors, http://www.engin.umich.edu.
15
[16] Sutera, S. P. and Skalak, R. (1993). “The history of Poiseuille's law." Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., Vol. 25, pp. 1-19.
16
[17] Pfitzner, J. (1976). “Poiseuille and his law.” Anesthesia, Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 273–275.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Dibenzothiophene from Organic Medium by Modified Zeolite
In this research, adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model of sulfur containing material has been studied by Pb exchanged Y-zeolite under different experimental conditions. The adsorption was kinetically fast and high adsorption capacity was obtained. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freunlich isotherm models. The corresponding parameters and correlation coefficients of each model are reported and the data was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models were evaluated to examine the kinetic of the adsorption process. It was concluded that removal of DBT was obeys the second-order model of kinetic. The adsorbent was tested for five successive regeneration cycles and the considerable capacity of the adsorbent was remained after regeneration.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_3897_1ddadb44b2dcce8557ed8626f3b0586d.pdf
2013-12-01
107
114
10.22059/jchpe.2013.3897
Pb-Y zeolite
Adsorption
dibenzothiophene
equilibrium
kinetic
Hossein
Faghihian
faghihian@iaush.ac.ir
1
Department of chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehri
Yahyaie
2
Department of chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Nair, S. and Tatarchuk, B. (2010). “Supported silver adsorbents for selective removal of sulfur species from hydrocarbon fuels.” Fuel, Vol. 89, pp. 3218-3225.
1
[2] Babich, IV. and Moulijin, JA. (2003). “Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review.” Fuel, Vol. 82, pp. 607-631.
2
[3] Song, C. and Ma, X. (2003). “New design approaches to ultra-clean diesel fuels by deep desulfurization and deep dearomatization.” Appl. Catal. B, Vol. 41, pp. 207-238.
3
[4] Song, C. (2003). “An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel.” Catal. Today, Vol. 86, pp. 211-263.
4
[5] Hafizi-Atabak, H. R., Ghanbari- Tuedeshki, H., Shafaroudi, A., Akbari, M., Safaei-Ghomi, J. and Shariaty-Niassar, M. (2013). “Production of Activated Carbon from Cellulose Wastes.” J.Chem. Petrol. Eng, Vol. 47, No.1, pp. 13-25.
5
[6] Teymouri, M., Samadi-Meybodi, A., Vahid, A. and Miranbeigi, A. A. (2013).“Adsorptive desulfurization of low sulfur diesel fuel using palladium containing mesoporous silica synthesized via a novel in-situ approach.” Fuel Process Technol., Vol.116, pp. 257-264.
6
[7] Wang, Y., Yang, R.T. and Heinzel, J.M. (2008). “Desulfurization of jet fuel by π- complexation adsorption with metal halides supported on MCM-41 and SBA-15 mesoporous materials.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol.63, pp. 356-365.
7
[8] Wardencki, W. and Straszewski, R. (1974). “Dynamic adsorption of thiophenes, thiols and sulfides from n-heptane solutions on molecular sieve 13X.” J. Chromatogr., Vol.91, pp. 715–722.
8
[9] Sarda, K.K., Bhandari, A., Pant, K.K. and Jain, S. (2012).“Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by selective adsorption over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/ZSM-5 extrudates.” Fuel., Vol. 93, pp. 86-91.
9
[10] Richardeau, D., Joly, G., Canaff, C., Magnoux, P., Guisnet, M., Thomas, M. and Nicolaos, A. (2004). “Adsorption and reaction over HFAU zeolites of thiophene in liquid hydrocarbon solutions.” Appl. Catal. A-Gen., Vol. 263, pp. 49–61.
10
[11] Takahashi, A. and Yang, R.T. (2001). “Cu(I)-Y-zeolite as a superior adsorbent for diene/olefin separation.” Langmuir., Vol.17, pp.8405- 413.
11
[12] Hernandez-Maldonado, A. and Yang, R.T. (2003). “Desulfurization of commercial liquid fuels by selective adsorption via π -complexation with Cu-(I)-Y zeolite.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol.42, pp. 3103-3110.
12
[13] Hernandez-Maldonado, A. and Yang, R.T. (2003). “Desulfurization of liquid fuels by adsorption via π- complexation with Cu(I)-Y and Ag-Y zeolites.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 42, pp. 123–129.
13
[14] Hernandez-Maldonado, A.J., Yang, F.H., Qi, G.S. and Yang, R.T. (2005). “Desulfurization of transportation fuels by π-complexation sorbents: Cu(I)-, Ni(II)-, and Zn(II)zeolites.” Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 56, pp. 111–126.
14
[15] Song, H., Wan, X., Dai, M., Zhang, J., Li, F. and Song, H. (2013). “Deep desulfurization of model gasoline by selective adsorption over Cu–Ce bimetal ion-exchanged Y zeolite.” Fuel. Process. Technol.. Vol. 116, pp. 52-62.
15
[16] Ma, X.L., Sprague, M. and Song, C.S. (2005). “Deep desulfurization of gasoline by selective adsorption over nickel-based adsorbent for fuel cell applications.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 44, pp. 5768–5775.
16
[17] Velu, S., Song, C.S., Engelhard, M.H. and Chin, Y.-H. (2005). “Adsorptive removal of organic sulfur compounds from jet fuel over K-exchanged NiY zeolites prepared by impregnation and ion exchange.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 44, pp. 5740–5749.
17
[18] Rico, M., Orza, J.M. and Mocillo, J. (1965). “Fundamental vibrations of thiophene and its deuterated derivatives.” Spectrochim. Acta., Vol. 21, pp. 689 –719.
18
[19] Garcia, C.L. and Lercher, J.A. (1992). “Adsorption and surface reactions of thiophene on ZSM 5 zeolites.” J. Phys. Chem. Vol. 96, pp. 26 69– 2675.
19
[20] Zhang, Z.Y., Shi, T.B., Jia, C.Z., Ji, W.J., Chen, Y. and He, M.Y. (2008). “Adsorptive removal of aromatic organosulfur compounds over the modified Na-Y zeolites.” Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 82, pp. 1-10.
20
[21] Wang, J., Xu, F., Xie, W.-J., Mei, Z.-J., Zhang, Q.-Z., Cai, J. and Cai, W.-M. (2009). “The enhanced adsorption of dibenzothiophene onto cerium/nickel-exchanged zeolite Y.” J.Hazard. Mater. Vol.163, pp. 538-543.
21
[22] Kalavathy, M.H., Karthikeyan, T., Rajgopal, S. and Miranda, L.R. (2005). “Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) adsorption onto H3PO4-activated rubber wood sawdust.” J. Colloid Interface Sci. Vol. 292, pp. 354–362.
22
[23] Mittal, A., Kaur, D., Malviya, A., Mittal, J. and Gupta, V.K. (2009). “Adsorption studies on the removal of coloring agent phenol red from wastewater using waste materials as adsorbents.” J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., Vol. 337, pp. 345–354.
23
[24] Kumar, Sh., Zafar, M., Prajapati, J.K., Kumar, S. and Kannepalli, S. (2011). “Modeling studies on simultaneous adsorption of phenol and resorcinol onto granular activated carbon from simulated aqueous solution.” J. Hazard. Mater. Vol. 185, pp. 287–294.
24
[25] Yaoa, Z.Y., Qib, J.H. and Wang, L.H. (2010). “Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of Cu(II) onto chestnut shell.” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol.174, pp. 137–143.
25
[26] Muzic, M., Sertic-Bionda, K., Gomzi, Z., Podolski, S. and Telen. S. (2010). “Study of diesel fuel desulfurization by adsorption.” Chem. Eng. Res. Des., Vol. 88, pp.487-495.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of Hydrate Formation Phase Envelope: An Experimental Approach in One of the Iranian Gas Reservoirs
Iran's proved natural gas reserves are the world's second largest reserves. Mainly, because of different climate changes and different reservoirs characterizations, studying the behavior of producing outcome fluids and their transportation, is of major interest. One of the main problems occur in the gas reservoirs is related to the hydrate formation while producing from a well, either in production strings or lines (before and after choke). Effective parameters which lead to hydrate formations are: high pressure in strings, low wellhead temperature together with water presence; and hence, the high possibility of having this phenomenon in the reservoirs is quite obvious for the gas wells. Hydrate formation in production lines and facilities will also lead to different impediments such as: complete or partial closure in production lines and heat exchangers, erosion of the equipment, pressure reduction, and etc. In this research, the conditions of hydrate formation, using the experimental data from one the Iranian sour gas field that is helpful to determine the safe/unsafe zones by P-T curves, are thoroughly investigated. In addition, the results will be compared to the other presented correlations available in the literature.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_3900_c56d50fada9cf539efadd334549c6f77.pdf
2013-12-01
115
127
10.22059/jchpe.2013.3900
Experimental
Gas condensate reservoir
Hydrate
Phase equilibrium
Production
Ehsan
Kamari
kamarie@ripi.ir
1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saber
Mohammadi
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghozatloo
ghozatlooa@ripi.ir
3
Department of Planning, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Shariaty-Niassar
mshariat@ut.ac.ir
4
Transport Phenomena & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Davy, H. (1811). “On a combination of oxymuriatic gas and oxygen gas.” Philos. T. Roy. Soc. of London, Vol. 101, pp. 155-162.
1
[2] Faraday, M. and Davy, H. (1823). “On fluid chlorine.” Philos. T. Roy. Soc. of London, Vol. 113, pp. 160-165.
2
[3] Hammerschmidt, E.G. (1934). “Formation of gas hydrates in natural gas transmission lines.” Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 851-855.
3
[4] Deaton, W.M. and Frost, E.M. (1946). “Gas hydrates and their relation to the operation of natural gas pipelines.” United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Mines, Monograph 8, 110 pages.
4
[5] Stern, L.A., Kirby, S.H., Durham, W.B., Circone, S. and Waite, W. F. (2000). “Laboratory synthesis of pure methane hydrate suitable for measurement of physical properties and decomposition behavior.” Max, M. D. (Ed.), In Coastal Systems and Continental Margins—Natural gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Vol. 5, pp. 323–348.
5
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydraulic Fracturing Growth in Fracture Reservoirs Using Analytical and Numerical Simulation: T-Type Intersections
Hydraulic fracture diagnostics have highlighted the potentially complex natural of hydraulic fracture geometry and propagation. This has been particularly true in the cases of hydraulic fracture growth in naturally fractured reservoirs, where the induced fractures interact with pre-existing natural fractures. A simplified analytical and numerical model has been developed to account for mechanical interaction between induced and natural fractures. Analysis of the distance between natural fractures indicates that induced shear and tensile may be high enough to debond sealed natural fractures ahead of the arrival of the hydraulic fracture tip. We present a complex hydraulic fracture pattern propagation model based on the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) as a design tool that can be used to optimize treatment parameters under complex propagation conditions. Results demonstrate that fracture pattern complexity is strongly controlled by the magnitude of anisotropy of in situ stresses, and natural fracture cement strength as well as the orientation of the natural fractures relative to the hydraulic fracture.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_69430_622c196c9bbddb5f3c15ae22571328fe.pdf
2013-12-01
129
138
10.22059/jchpe.2013.69430
Distance
Induced Fracture
Intersection
Shear
Tensile
Jaber
Taheri Shakib
jaber_taherishakib@yahoo.com
1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
hossein
jalalifar
taherishakib_uk@yahoo.com
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, environmental and energy research center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Fisher, M.K., C.A. Wright, B.M. Davidson, A.K. GOODWIN, E.O. Fielder, W.S. Buckler and N.P. Steinsberger. (2005). “Interaction Fracture-mapping Technologies ToImprove stimulations in the Barnett Shale”. SPE Prod and Fac. pp. 85-93.
1
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2
[3] Taheri Shakib, J. Ghaderi, A. Abbaszadeh shahri, A. (2012). “Analysis of hydraulic fracturing in fractured reservoir: interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures”. Life Science Journal, vol. 9(4). pp. 1854-1862.
3
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4
[5] Jon E. Olson and Dahi-Taleghani, Arash. (2009). “Modeling Simultaneous Growth of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures and Their Interaction with Natural Fractures”. SPE 119739.This paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference held in The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 19–21 January.
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9
[10] Arash Dahi-Taleghani and Jon E. Olson., (2009). “Numerical Modeling of Multi-Stranded Hydraulic Fracture Propagation: Accounting for the Interaction Between Induced and Natural Fractures.” SPE 124884. This paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 4–7 October.
10
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