ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Concentration of Cations on Activated Sludge Properties and Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment
This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effects of concentration of cations on activated sludge properties and membrane fouling in submerge membrane bioreactors. The working volume of the experimental setup was two liters. The cellulose acetate membrane was immersed in the bioreactor. The flocculability, settling properties and fouling propensity of activated sludge was measured in various concentrations of cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Results showed that cations bind with biopolymers and induce flocculation in bioreactors. This phenomenon induced in divalent cations so that flocculability of activated sludge in presence of divalent cations was two-fold of flocculability of activated sludge. On the other hand, cations improve settleability and dewatering properties of activated sludge and especially mitigated membrane fouling, for example, calcium reduced the membrane fouling intensity by 25% of the reference activated sludge.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22343_fc9de6ac6ca4893b45f4d1f8f15a9b1a.pdf
2011-04-01
1
8
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22343
بیورآکتور غشایی غوطه ور؛ گرفتگی
کاتیونهای فلزی؛ آبگیری لجن تهنشینی لجن فعال
Hamed
Azami
azami@mailinator.com
1
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mohamad reza
Mehrnia
mmehrnia@ut.ac.ir
2
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mohammad hosein
Sarrafzadeh
sarrafzadeh@mailinator.com
3
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Sara
Mafirad
mafirad@mailinator.com
4
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Kazemzadeh
kazemzadeh@mailinator.com
5
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Seyed Siavash
Madaeni
madaeni@mailinator.com
6
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
1- In-Soung, Ch. and Su-Na., K. (2004). “Wastewater treatment using membrane filtration—effect of biosolids
1
concentration on cake resistance.” Process Biochemistry, Vol. 40, PP. 1307–1314.
2
2-Sanin, D. and Vsilind, P.A. (2000). “Bioflocculation of activated sludge: The role of calcium ions and
3
extracellular polymers.” Environmental Technology, Vol.21, PP. 1405-1412.
4
3- Sombatsompop, K. (2007). Membrane fouling studies in suspended and attached growth membrane bioreactor
5
systems PhD thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, School of Environment, Resources and Development,
6
4- Flemming, H.C. and Wingender, J. (2001). Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs).
7
Part I. Structural and Ecological Aspects, Water Science Technology, Vol. 43, PP.1–8.
8
5- Bruus, J.H., Nielsen, P.H. and Keiding, K., (1992). “On the stability of activated sludge flocs with
9
implications on dewatering.” Water Research, Vol. 26 , PP.1597-1604.
10
6 –Urbain, V., Block, J.C. and Manem, J. (1993). “Bioflocculation in activated sludge: Analytical approach.”
11
Water Research, Vol.27 ,PP. 829-838.
12
7 – Murthy, S. N. (1998). “Bioflocculation: Implications for activated sludge properties and wastewater
13
treatment PhD thesis”. Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.
14
8- Li, X.Y. and Yang, S.F. (2007). “Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the
15
Flocculation.” Sedimentation and Dewaterability of Activated Sludge, Water Research, Vol. 41, PP. 1022 –
16
1030.
17
9- Arabi, S.and Nakhla, G. (2008). “Impact of calcium on the membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors.”
18
Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.314, PP. 134–142.
19
10- Arabi, S. and Nakhla, G. (2009). Impact of magnesium on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors.”
20
Separation and Purification Technology, Vol.67, PP. 319-325.
21
11- Arabi, S. and Nakhla, G. (2009). Impact of cation concentrations on fouling in membrane bioreactors.”
22
Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 343, PP.110–118.
23
12- Liu, H., Herbert, H. and Fang, P. (2002), “Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of
24
sludges.” Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 95, PP. 249–256.
25
13- Gaudy, A.F. (1962). “Colorimetric determination of protein and carbohydrate.” Industrial Water Wastes,
26
Vol. 7, PP. 17–22.
27
14- Bradford, M.M.A. (1976). “Rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of
28
protein utilizing the principle of protein dyebinding.” Analytical Biochemistry, Vol.72, PP. 248–254.
29
15- Jin, B., Wilén, B. M. and Lant, P. (2003). “A comprehensive insight into floc characteristics and their impact
30
on compressibility and settleability of activated sludge.” Chemical Engineering Journa,l Vol. 95, PP. 221–
31
16- APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health
32
Association, Baltimore, MD, 1999.
33
17- Ji, J., Qiu, J., Wai, N., Wong, F. S., and Li, Y. (2010). “Influence of organic and inorganic flocculants on
34
physical–chemical properties of biomass and membrane-fouling rate.” Water Research, Vol.44, PP. 1627-
35
18- Ng, H. Y., Ong, S. L. and Ng, W. J. (2005). “Effects of sodium chloride on the performance of a sequencing
36
batch reactor.” Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 131, PP. 1557-1564.
37
19- Higgins, M. J., Sobeck, D. C., Owens, S. J. and Szabo L. M. (2004). “Case study II: Application of the
38
divalent cation bridging theory to improve biofloc properties and industrial activated sludge system
39
performance using alternatives to sodium-based chemicals.” Water Environment Research, Vol.76, PP. 353-
40
20- Sheng, G. P., Yu, H. Q. and Li, X.Y. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial aggregates in
41
biological wastewater treatment systems: A review, Biotechnology Advances in Press.
42
21- Kim, I. S. and Jang, N. (2006). “The effect of calcium on the membrane biofouling in the membrane
43
bioreactor (MBR).” Water Research, Vol. 40, PP. 2756 – 2764.
44
22- Flemming, H.C., Schaule, G., Griebe, T., Schmitt, J. and Tamachkiarowa, A. (1997). “Biofouling-the
45
achilles heel of membrane processes.” Desalination Vol. 113, PP. 215–225.
46
23- Wang, Z., Wu, Z. and Tang, S. (2009). “Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties and their
47
effects on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor.” Water Research, Vol. 43, PP. 2504-
48
24- Sobeck, D. C., and Higgins, M. J. (2002). “Examination of three theories for mechanisms of cation-induced
49
bioflocculation.” Water Research, Vol. 36, PP. 527–538
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Reliability of an Accurate Performance in Tray Columns Using Gamma Ray Scanning Technique
The nondestructive techniques are applied to identify important data from the internal process of distillation towers, process towers, pressure vessels and etc. In recent, the gamma-ray scanning techniques as diagnostic tools for scanning of tray columns, packed columns, storage tanks, level measurement and density measurement of containing materials has been used widely. This paper has tried to model tray column failures. Also failures identification using real time analysis and scan profile interpretation has been investigated. This suggested model can be used before gamma ray scanning technique, calibration and adjustment of working conditions in industrial scale.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22344_76b241e5fd829b0db1e6e3ec3e6dfb92.pdf
2011-04-01
9
20
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22344
برج سینیدار
روبش گاما
آشکارساز اشعه گاما
آزمایشهای غیر مخرب
Ehsan
Alvand
1
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Ali
Vatani
avatani@ut.ac.ir
2
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
H. Dehkordi
3
AEOI
AUTHOR
1- Dehkordi, E. H. Copyright (1998). "Principles of industrial radiography." First Edition, Arkan publication,
1
PP. 11-117.
2
2- Ghiasinejad, M. and Katuzi, M. Copyright (2006). "Foundation course of radiation protection in industrial
3
facilities." Dorbid publication.
4
3- Robins, L. (2005). "On-line diagnostics techniques in the oil, gas, and chemical Industry." 3rd MENDT -
5
Middle East Nondestructive Testing Conference & Exhibition, Bahrain, Manama, PP. 27-30.
6
4- Gardner, R. P. and Ely, R. L. Jr. (1967). "Radioisotope measurement applications in engineering." Reinhold
7
Publishing Corporation, New York, PP.23-30.
8
5- Ljunggren, K. (1996). "Symposium on radioisotope tracers in industry and geophysics." IAEA, Prague, PP.
9
6- Charlton, J. S., Heslop, J. A. and Johnson, P. (1975). "Industrial applications of radioisotopes." Physics in
10
Technology, PP. 67-76.
11
7- Urbanski, N. F., Resetarits, M. R., Shakur, M. S. and Monkelbaan, D. R. (1999). "Gamma scanning a column
12
containing closely spaced trays." Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting AIChE 1999 Separations
13
Topical Conference Session #T1007 - Distillation Hardware and Applications II, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
14
8- Vasquez, P. A. and Costa, F. E. (2005). "Development of a scintillator detector system for gamma ray scan
15
measurements of industrial distillation columns." Nuclear Instrument and Method in Physics Research A
16
537, PP. 458-461.
17
9- Laraki, K. and Alami, R. (2007). "An expert system for improving the gamma-ray scanning technique."
18
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 578, PP. 340–344.
19
10- Abdullah, J. (2005). "Gamma-ray scanning for troubleshooting, optimisation and predictive maintenance of
20
distillation columns." Technology, Non-Disruptive & On-Line Inspection, HYDROCARBON ASIA,
21
Jan/Feb (2005), PP. 62-65.
22
11- Treybal, R. E. "Mass-transfer operations." Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, Copyright 1980, reissued 1987,
23
Chapter 6, PP. 158-185.
24
12- GE Imagination at work. (2007). Industrial Radiography Image Forming Techniques, GE inspection at work.
25
13- Vidrine Commercial Manager TRACERCO, S. (2005) "Radioisotope technology - benefits & limitations in
26
troubleshooting packed beds in vacuum distillation." Copyrighted by TRACERCO, a Johnson Matthey
27
Company, Presented in the Distillation Symposium of the 2005 Spring AIChE Meeting Atlanta, Ga. April
28
10 through 13.
29
14- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillators: Applications in
30
nuclear safeguards and health Physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
31
15- Broda, E. and Schonfield, T. (1996) "The technical applications of radioactivity." London Pergamon Press,
32
16- Pehl, R. H. (Nov., 1977). "Germanium Gamma-ray detectors." Physics Today, PP. 30- 50.
33
17- Holstad, M. B., Jackson, P. and Johansen, G. A. (2004). "Scattered Gamma-radiation utilized to measure
34
remnant fresh absorbent in absorbent bed." Measurement Science and Technology, 15, PP. 1827-1834.
35
18- Doug, R., Norbert, E. and Hastings, S. (March, 1991). "Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials."
36
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C 20555
37
19- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillator: Application in nuclear
38
safeguards and health physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
39
20- Knoll, G. F. (2000). "Radiation detection and measurement." third edition, John Wiley & Sons.
40
21- Sakai, E. (1982). “Present status of room-temperature semiconductor detectors.” Nuclear Instruments and
41
Methods, PP. 196-121
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of the Effects of Si/Al Ratio and Operating Conditions in Hydrothermal Dealumination of Y Zeolite
NaY zeolites with different framework Si/Al ratios were synthesized via hydrothermal technique. Structural characteristics of the synthesized zeolites were determined by using XRD, XRF, SEM, BET analyses. The effects of operating conditions of hydrothermal dealumination, i.e. time, temperature and partial pressure of water vapor on dealumination of the Y zeolites framework and their structure were investigated via XRD and BET analyses. According to the experiments, hydrothermal dealumination of the Y zeolite with Si/Al=1.69 was not successful while it was satisfactorily performed for the other one with Si/Al=2.44
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22345_491e58fb9f6525856d0fd1f0875af21c.pdf
2011-04-01
21
29
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22345
فوجاسیت
زئولیت Y فوق پایدار
آلومینیومزدایی
هسته افشانی
Amin
Bazyari
bazyari@mailinator.com
1
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Yadollah
Mortazavi
mortazavi@mailinator.com
2
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Abbas ali
Khodadadi
khodadad@ut.ac.ir
3
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Negahdar
Hosseinpour
hosseinpour2@mailinator.com
4
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mitra
Bahri
bahri@mailinator.com
5
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
1- Dehkordi, E. H. Copyright (1998). "Principles of industrial radiography." First Edition, Arkan publication,
1
PP. 11-117.
2
2- Ghiasinejad, M. and Katuzi, M. Copyright (2006). "Foundation course of radiation protection in industrial
3
facilities." Dorbid publication.
4
3- Robins, L. (2005). "On-line diagnostics techniques in the oil, gas, and chemical Industry." 3rd MENDT -
5
Middle East Nondestructive Testing Conference & Exhibition, Bahrain, Manama, PP. 27-30.
6
4- Gardner, R. P. and Ely, R. L. Jr. (1967). "Radioisotope measurement applications in engineering." Reinhold
7
Publishing Corporation, New York, PP.23-30.
8
5- Ljunggren, K. (1996). "Symposium on radioisotope tracers in industry and geophysics." IAEA, Prague, PP.
9
6- Charlton, J. S., Heslop, J. A. and Johnson, P. (1975). "Industrial applications of radioisotopes." Physics in
10
Technology, PP. 67-76.
11
7- Urbanski, N. F., Resetarits, M. R., Shakur, M. S. and Monkelbaan, D. R. (1999). "Gamma scanning a column
12
containing closely spaced trays." Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting AIChE 1999 Separations
13
Topical Conference Session #T1007 - Distillation Hardware and Applications II, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
14
8- Vasquez, P. A. and Costa, F. E. (2005). "Development of a scintillator detector system for gamma ray scan
15
measurements of industrial distillation columns." Nuclear Instrument and Method in Physics Research A
16
537, PP. 458-461.
17
9- Laraki, K. and Alami, R. (2007). "An expert system for improving the gamma-ray scanning technique."
18
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 578, PP. 340–344.
19
10- Abdullah, J. (2005). "Gamma-ray scanning for troubleshooting, optimisation and predictive maintenance of
20
distillation columns." Technology, Non-Disruptive & On-Line Inspection, HYDROCARBON ASIA,
21
Jan/Feb (2005), PP. 62-65.
22
11- Treybal, R. E. "Mass-transfer operations." Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, Copyright 1980, reissued 1987,
23
Chapter 6, PP. 158-185.
24
12- GE Imagination at work. (2007). Industrial Radiography Image Forming Techniques, GE inspection at work.
25
13- Vidrine Commercial Manager TRACERCO, S. (2005) "Radioisotope technology - benefits & limitations in
26
troubleshooting packed beds in vacuum distillation." Copyrighted by TRACERCO, a Johnson Matthey
27
Company, Presented in the Distillation Symposium of the 2005 Spring AIChE Meeting Atlanta, Ga. April
28
10 through 13.
29
14- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillators: Applications in
30
nuclear safeguards and health Physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
31
15- Broda, E. and Schonfield, T. (1996) "The technical applications of radioactivity." London Pergamon Press,
32
16- Pehl, R. H. (Nov., 1977). "Germanium Gamma-ray detectors." Physics Today, PP. 30- 50.
33
17- Holstad, M. B., Jackson, P. and Johansen, G. A. (2004). "Scattered Gamma-radiation utilized to measure
34
remnant fresh absorbent in absorbent bed." Measurement Science and Technology, 15, PP. 1827-1834.
35
18- Doug, R., Norbert, E. and Hastings, S. (March, 1991). "Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials."
36
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C 20555.
37
19- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillator: Application in nuclear
38
safeguards and health physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
39
20- Knoll, G. F. (2000). "Radiation detection and measurement." third edition, John Wiley & Sons.
40
21- Sakai, E. (1982). “Present status of room-temperature semiconductor detectors.” Nuclear Instruments and
41
Methods, PP. 196-121.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Model Predictive Inferential Control of a Distillation Column
Typical production objectives in distillation process require the delivery of products whose compositions meet certain specifications. The distillation control system, therefore, must hold product compositions as near the set points as possible in faces of upset. In this project, inferential model predictive control, that utilizes an artificial neural network estimator and model predictive controller, is developed for an industrial multicomponent distillation column. First, composition control by direct measuring composition is used. This method because of large sampling delay has a poor performance. The selection of the temperature measurement points is done for indirect control of the column. The use of temperature loop leads to an offset in the composition; due to the fact that the temperature set-point must be changed when feed disturbances occurred. An artificial neural network estimator is designed to estimate the product compositions from tray temperature measurements. A model predictive controller is used to control column composition based on composition estimates. The performance of the developed inferential model predictive control system is tested for set-point tracking and load rejection.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22346_b21d45714422c9c0e7a318631d8d74aa.pdf
2011-04-01
31
42
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22346
تقطیر چند جزئی
کنترل استنتاجی
تخمین زننده
شبکه عصبی مصنوعی
کنترل پیشبین
Pardis
Rofouie
1
Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Shahrokhi
shahrokhi@sharif.edu
2
Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
1- Weber,Sh. and Brosilow,C. (1972). “The use of secondary measurements to improve control.” AICHE.
1
Vol.18, No.3, PP. 614-623.
2
2- Brosilow,C. and Joseph,B. (1978). “Inferential control of process, PartI, Steady State Analysis and
3
Desighn.”AICHE.,Vol.24, PP.485-492.
4
3 Mejdell,T. and Skogestad,S. (1991). “Estimation of distillation compositions from multiple temperature
5
Measurements using Partial least squares regression.” Ind. Eng.Chem.Res., Vol.30, PP. 2543-2555.
6
4 Mejdell,T. and Skogestad,S. (1993). “Output estimation using multiple secondary measurements: High purity
7
distillation.” AICHE., Vol.39, No.10, PP. 1641-1653.
8
5- Kano,M., Miyazaki,K., Hasebe,Sh. And Hashimoto,I. (2000). “Inferential control system of distillation
9
compostion using dynamic partial least squares regression.” Journal of Process Control ,Vol.10,PP.157-156.
10
6- Kano,M., Showchaiya,N., Hasebe,Sh. And Hashimoto,I. (2003). “Inferential control of distillation
11
compositions: Selection of model and control configuration.” Control Engineering Practice, Vol.11, PP.927-
12
7- Tzu-Ming,Y.,Huang,M. and Huang.,C. (2003). “Estimate of process composition and plantwide control from
13
multiple secondary measurements using artificial neural networks.” Computers and Chemical Engineering,
14
Vol. 27, PP. 55-72
15
8- Bahar,A. and Ozgen,C. (2004). “Artificial neural network estimator design for the inferential model predictive
16
control of an industrial distillation column.” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., Vol.43, PP. 6102-6111.
17
9- Singah,V., Gupta,I. and Gupta,H. (2008). “ANN based estimator for distillation-inferential control.” Chemical
18
Engineering and Processing4,Vol.44, PP. 785-795.
19
10- Boyd,D.; M, (1975). “Fractionation column control.” Chemical Engineering Progress. Vol.71, No.6, PP. 55-
20
11-Luyben,W.L. (1972). “Profile position control of distillation columns with sharp temperature Profiles.”
21
AICHE ,Vol.18, No.1, PP.238-240.
22
12- Buckley,P.S., Luyben, W.L. and Shunta,J.P. (1985). Design of distillation column control systems,
23
Instrumental Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC,1985.
24
13-Clarke,D.W., Mohtadi, C. and Tuffs, P.S. (1987). “Generalized predictive control-partI.” The Basic
25
Algorithm. Automatica, Vol.23, 137.
26
14- Bulsari,A. (1995). Neural Network for Chemical Engineers. Elsevier Science B.V.
27
15- Rossiter, J. (2003). "A Model-Based Predictive Control:A Practical Approach.CRC Press.
28
16- Ljung L. (1987). System Identification: Theory for the User. Prentic-Hall.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Effective Parameters on Phase Inversion Hold-up in Continuous Mixer-settler
In this paper, we studied effect of different parameters including density, viscosity, interfacial tension and solute transfer concentration on phase inversion hold-up. The results showed that change in phase density ratio had no effect on phase inversion hold-up. It also disclosed that the phase viscosity ratio was the most effective parameter affecting phase inversion hold-up and each phase had tendency to increase dispersion by rising viscosity of that phase. When the proportion of dispersed phase viscosity to continuous phase viscosity was more than 1, phase inversion hold-up decreased as the interfacial tension increased or Vice versa. Also, increase in the solute transfer concentration by affecting phases physical properties and electrostatic interaction between drops and continuous phase resulted in increasing the tendency toward both types of inversion and .
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22347_21544a4e17400e76388f18db265f480c.pdf
2011-04-01
43
52
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22347
وارونگی فاز
پراکندگی مایع
مایع جزء منتقل شونده
میکسر؛ ستلر
Hozhabr
Sohbat zadeh
sohbatzadeh@mailinator.com
1
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Hosein
Abolghasemi
hoab@ut.ac.ir
2
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ghannadi maragheh
ghannadimaragheh2@mailinator.com
3
سازمان انرژی اتمی
AUTHOR
Amir
Khacpai
khacpai@mailinator.com
4
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
1- Kumar, S. (1995). “On phase inversion characteristics of stirred dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 51, PP.
1
2- Hu, B., Liu, L., Matar, O. K., Angeli, P., Hewitt, G. F. and Perez de Ortiz, E. S. (2006). “Investigation of
2
phase inversion of liquid-liquid dispersions in agitated vessels.” Tsinghua Sci.and.Tech., Vol. 11, PP. 202-
3
3- Yeo, L. Y., Matar, O. K., Perez de Ortiz, E. S. and Hewitt, G. F. (2000). “Phase inversion and associated
4
phenomena.” Multiphase Sci. Tech., Vol. 12, PP. 51-116.
5
4- Norato, M. A., Tsouric, C. and Tavlarides, L . L. (1998). “Phase inversion structure in liquid- liquid
6
dispersions.” Can. J. Chem. Eng., Vol. 76, PP. 486-494.
7
5- Yeo, L. Y., Matar, O. K., Perez de Ortiz, E. S. and Hewitt, G. F. (2002). “Simulation studies of phase
8
inversion in agitated vessels using a monte Carlo technique.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Sci., Vol. 248,
9
PP. 443-454.
10
6- Hu, B., Angeli, P., Matar, O. K. and Hewitt, G. F. (2005). “Prediction of phase inversion in agitated vessels
11
using a two-region model.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 60, PP. 3487-3495.
12
7- Yeo, L. Y., Matar, O. K., Perez de Oritz, E. S. and Hewitt, G. F. (2002). “A simple predictive tool for
13
modeling phase inversion in liquid- liquid dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 57, PP. 1069-1072.
14
8- Hadjiev, D. and Paulo, J. B. A. (2005). “Extraction separation in mixer–settlers based on phase inversion. ”
15
Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 43, PP. 257-262.
16
9- Reeve, R. N. and Godfrey, J. C. (2002). “Phase inversion during liquid- liquid mixing in continuous flow,
17
pump mix, agitated tanks” Trans IChemE, Vol. 80, PP. 864-871.
18
10-Bouchama, F., Van Aken, G. A., Autin, A. J. E. and Koper, G. J. M. (2003). “On the mechanism of
19
catastrophic phase inversion in emulsions.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Sci., Vol. 231, PP. 11-17.
20
11-Tsouris, C. and Dong, J. (2000). "Effects of electric fields on phase inversion of liquid-liquid dispersions."
21
Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 55, PP. 3571-3574.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Corresponding Effects of anionic surfactant concentration and solute on Drop Size in a Mixer-Settler Extractor and Propose an Empirical Model
Drop size distribution in a mixer-settler is an essential design parameter, as obtaining drop size distribution will result in optimum performance of equipment. In this paper for obtaining drop size, several experiments have been performed with a single stage horizontal mixer-settler. A video technique has been used in order to measure the drop size in the mixer-settler with the help of a digital camera. The present work examines the influence of an anionic surfactant concentration on the variation of drop sizes in the presence of solute. The results show that in low concentration of surfactant, a significant decrease in mean drop size is observed, but at high concentration, increasing of surfactant concentration doesn’t change mean drop size more. For different concentration of surfactant, a new empirical correlation is derived for estimation of mean drop size. These correlations have a good agreement with experimental data.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22348_a30c744c7daffbbb670e37e1d6ccf35c.pdf
2011-04-01
53
62
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22348
میکسر ستلر
اندازه قطرهها عامل فعال سطحی
جزء منتقلشونده
مدل تجربی
Parisa
Zaheri
zaheri2@mailinator.com
1
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Hosein
Abolghasemi
hoab@ut.ac.ir
2
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ghannadi Maragheh
ghannadimaragheh@mailinator.com
3
سازمان انرژی اتمی
AUTHOR
Maryam
Zaheri
zaheri@mailinator.com
4
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
1- Lee, J. M. and Soong,Y. (1985). "Effects of surfactants on the liquid-liquid dispersion in agitated vessels."
1
Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Deu., Vol. 24 ,PP. 118-121.
2
2- Hoffer, M. S. and Resnick, W. (1979). "A study of agitated liquid-liquid dispersions." Chem. Eng. Res. and
3
Des. Vol. 57, PP. 8-14.
4
3- Tcholakova, S., Denkov, N. D. and Danner, T. (2004). "Role of surfactant type and concentration for the
5
mean drop size during emulsification in turbulent flow." Langmuir, Vol.20, No. 18, PP. 7444-7458.
6
4- Skelland, A.H.P. and Jeffrey, S. (1998). "Transient drop size in agitated liquid-liquid systems, as influenced
7
by the direction of mass transfer and surfactant concentration." Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 31, PP. 2556-
8
5- Zhou, G. and Kresta, S.M.(1998). "Evolution of drop size distribution in liquid-liquid dispersions for various
9
impellers.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 53, No. 11, PP. 2099-2113.
10
6- Desnoyer, C., Masbernat, O. and Gourdon, C. (2003). “Experimental study of drop size distributions at high
11
phase ratio in liquid–liquid dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, PP. 1353 – 1363.
12
7- Calabrese, R. V., Chang, T. P. K., and Dang, P. T. (1986).” Drop breakup in turbulent stirred-tank contactors.
13
”AICHE, Vol. 32, No .4, PP. 657–666.
14
8- Baldyga, J., Bourne, J. R., Pacek, A. W., Amanullah, A. and Nienow, A.W. (2001). “Effects of agitation on
15
drop size in turbulent dispersions: Allowance for intermittency.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 56, PP. 3377–3385.
16
9- Lagisetty, J. S. , Das, P. K., Kumar, R., and Ghandi, K. S. (1986).” Breakage of viscous and non-newtonian
17
drops in stirred dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 41, No. 1, PP. 65–72.
18
10- Doulah, M. S. (1975)." An effect of hold-up on drop sizes in liquid–liquid dispersions.” Industrial and
19
Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, Vol. 14, No. 2, PP. 137–138.
20
11- Singh, K.K., Mahajani, S.M., Shenoy, K.T. and Ghosh, S.K. (2008). "Representative drop sizes and drop
21
size distributions in A/O dispersions in continuous flow stirred tank." Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 90, PP. 121-
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Method for Calculation Mixing Rule and Modification Semi-empirical Models for Solubility Modeling in Supercritical Solvent
The critical properties of a solute are required for modeling of the solubility by the equation of state. For many compounds, the critical properties are not available. So, group contribution method is utilized as a common method to estimate these properties. But, it leads to the consecutive errors in calculations of the solubility modeling. In this study, Soave-Redlish-Kowang (SRK) and Peng-Robinson equation of states with Huran-Vidal mixing rules were used for modeling of the solubility. A new method for evaluating of C2 (Huran-Vidal mixing rule parameter) is recommended as a function of temperature and pressure. For solubility modeling by semi-empirical correlation, the new forms of Chrastil and Mendez equations were used. Finally, the modeling of solubility for 20 compounds by these methods has been investigated. Results show that the AARD% for the models with semi-empirical equations (Charstil, Aguilera, Gordillo, Mendez, modified Charstil and modified Mendez) are 12.07, 11.71, 34.89, 19.89, 11.17 and 15.70 respectively; and for SRK, PR EOS are 14, 19.85 respectively.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22349_a7966720c41a938b54e782b144711bd1.pdf
2011-04-01
63
72
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22349
میکسر ستلر
اندازه قطرهها عامل فعال سطحی
جزء منتقلشونده
مدل تجربی
Reza
Orouj
orouj@mailinator.com
1
سازمان انرژی اتمی
AUTHOR
Hosein
Abolghasemi
hoab@ut.ac.ir
2
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Zoha
Vatani
vatani@mailinator.com
3
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mahdavian
mahdavian@mailinator.com
4
مهندسی شیمی
AUTHOR
1- Lee, J. M. and Soong,Y. (1985). "Effects of surfactants on the liquid-liquid dispersion in agitated vessels."
1
Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Deu., Vol. 24 ,PP. 118-121.
2
2- Hoffer, M. S. and Resnick, W. (1979). "A study of agitated liquid-liquid dispersions." Chem. Eng. Res. and
3
Des. Vol. 57, PP. 8-14.
4
3- Tcholakova, S., Denkov, N. D. and Danner, T. (2004). "Role of surfactant type and concentration for the
5
mean drop size during emulsification in turbulent flow." Langmuir, Vol.20, No. 18, PP. 7444-7458.
6
4- Skelland, A.H.P. and Jeffrey, S. (1998). "Transient drop size in agitated liquid-liquid systems, as influenced
7
by the direction of mass transfer and surfactant concentration." Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 31, PP. 2556-
8
5- Zhou, G. and Kresta, S.M.(1998). "Evolution of drop size distribution in liquid-liquid dispersions for various
9
impellers.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 53, No. 11, PP. 2099-2113.
10
6- Desnoyer, C., Masbernat, O. and Gourdon, C. (2003). “Experimental study of drop size distributions at high
11
phase ratio in liquid–liquid dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, PP. 1353 – 1363.
12
7- Calabrese, R. V., Chang, T. P. K., and Dang, P. T. (1986).” Drop breakup in turbulent stirred-tank contactors.
13
”AICHE, Vol. 32, No .4, PP. 657–666.
14
8- Baldyga, J., Bourne, J. R., Pacek, A. W., Amanullah, A. and Nienow, A.W. (2001). “Effects of agitation on
15
drop size in turbulent dispersions: Allowance for intermittency.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 56, PP. 3377–3385.
16
9- Lagisetty, J. S. , Das, P. K., Kumar, R., and Ghandi, K. S. (1986).” Breakage of viscous and non-newtonian
17
drops in stirred dispersions.” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 41, No. 1, PP. 65–72.
18
10- Doulah, M. S. (1975)." An effect of hold-up on drop sizes in liquid–liquid dispersions.” Industrial and
19
Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, Vol. 14, No. 2, PP. 137–138.
20
11- Singh, K.K., Mahajani, S.M., Shenoy, K.T. and Ghosh, S.K. (2008). "Representative drop sizes and drop
21
size distributions in A/O dispersions in continuous flow stirred tank." Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 90, PP. 121-
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting Kinetic Parameters of Acetylene Hydrogenation Reaction Via Optimization Techniques
In this study simulation and optimization of an industrial acetylene hydrogenation reactor was studied. Three well known kinetic models were used for a nearly similar catalyst to predict the industrial data. Due to the complexity of the reactions, none of the offered kinetic models could be considered as an exact kinetic model and it is necessary to determine the kinetic parameters. One of the best methods to determine the kinetic of a process is to simulate the process and then minimize the deviations between industrial data and calculated ones. Thus the hydrogenation reactor was simulated at the industrial operating conditions which were taken from an operational petrochemical plant and the optimum kinetic parameters were determined using optimization technique. Since such problem has many local optima, the genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) methods were used to optimize the kinetic parameters of the three models. Due to the strong dependency of the GA performance on the GA condition, it was tried to investigate the effect of GA parameters on overall GA performance in detail. For this purpose, different GA parameters were used to solve the problem and results were discussed.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22350_86042ebe91109fca8d8089c25fe7359d.pdf
2011-04-01
73
82
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22350
هیدروژناسیون استیلن
کاتالیست
بهینهسازی
الگوریتم ژنتیک
Arash
Kadivar
1
Iran University of Science and Technology
AUTHOR
Mohammad Taghi
Sadeghi
sadeghi@iust.ac.ir
2
Iran University of Science and Technology
AUTHOR
Rahmat
Sotudeh-Gharebagh
3
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Mehrak
Mahmudi
4
Iran University of Science and Technology
AUTHOR
1- Brown, M.W., Penlidis, A. and Sullivan, G. (1991). "Control policies for an industrial acetylene
1
hydrogenation reactor.” The Can. J. of Chem. Eng., 69, 152.
2
2 - Huang, W. (1979). Optimize acetylene removal, Hydrocarbon processing, 59, 131.
3
3 Kalid, R.A. (1999). Modelagem, Simulação, Controle e Otimização de Conversores de Acetileno. Ph.D. di
4
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
5
4- Bos, A.N., Bootsma, E.S, Foeth, F., Sleyster, H.W. and Westertrep, K.R. (1993). “A kinetic study of the
6
hydrogenation of ethyne and ethene on a commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst.” Chem. Eng. Proc., Vol. 32, PP.53-
7
5- Gobbo, R., Soares, R. P., Lansarin, M. A., Secchi, A. R., and Ferreira, J. M. P. (2004). “Modeling,
8
simulation, and optimization of a front-end system for acetylene hydrogenation reactors.” Brazilian Journal
9
of Chemical Engineering, 21, 545.
10
6- Menshchikov, V.A., Falkovich, Y.G. and Aerov, M.E. (1975). “Hydrogenation kinetics of acetylene on a
11
palladium catalyst in the presence of Ethylene.” Kinet. Catal., Vol. 16, PP. 1338-1355.
12
7- Froment, G. F. (1987). “The kinetics of complex catalytic reactions.” Chem. Engng. Sci. 42, 1073-1087.
13
8- Su,W. and Huang, H. (2005). “Development and calibration of a reduced chemical kinetic model of nheptane for HCCI engine combustion.” Fuel, 84, 1029.
14
9- Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., and Vetterling, W. T. (1986). “Numerical Recipes, Chap. IO
15
Cambridge University Press, New York.
16
10- Godienz , C., Cabanes, A.L. and Villor, G. (2002). “Experimental study of the selection hedrogenaton of
17
steam cracking C2 cut. Departmento de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain,Chemical
18
Engineering Communications, 164:1, 225 – 247.
19
11- J. Vincent, M. and D. Gonzalez, R. (2001). A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for a hydrogen transfer
20
mechanism in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over a Pd/γ -Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the sol–gel
21
method Applied Catalysis A: General 217 143–156.
22
12- Mansoornejad, B., Mostoufi, N. And Jalali-Farahani, F. (2008). “A hybrid GA–SQP optimization
23
technique for determination of kinetic parameters of hydrogenation reactions.” Computers & Chemical
24
Engineering, Vol. 32, Issue 7, 24, PP. 1447-1455.
25
13- De Jong, K. (1975). An Analysis of the Behaviour of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems, PhD Thesis,
26
University of Michigan.
27
14- Holland, J.H. (1975). Adaption in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor,
28
15- Ingber,L. (1998). “Simulated annealing : practive versus theory.” Mahl. Comput. Modeling , 11-18.
29
16- Gofee, W.L., Ferrier, G.D. and Rogers, J. (2000). “Global optimization of statistical function with simulated
30
annealing.” J .Econometrics ,65-100.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Local Nusselt Number of the Symmetrical Liquid-Liquid Jets Emitting from a Nozzle
The aim of this paper is to study the local Nusselt number of the symmetrical liquid-liquid jets emitting from a nozzle. Equations obtained from theoretical works are arranged in the form of a computerized model. The validity of this model was tested by the data from an experimental paper [1]. After few adjustments the model predicted the experimental data with a reasonable accuracy. Making sure of the model acceptable operation the effects of changes of hydrodynamic and thermal parameters on local Nusselt number were investigated which eventually lead to an equation for predicting numerical values of local Nusselt number as a function of liquid jet length.
https://jchpe.ut.ac.ir/article_22351_21b2e3a126438cc254c630bdf7e8cb52.pdf
2011-04-01
83
91
10.22059/jchpe.2011.22351
سطح آزاد
انتقال حرارت
عدد ناسلت
جت های متقارن مایع
CFD
VOF روش
Mohammad
Memari
memari@mailinator.com
1
مهندسی شیمی و نفت
AUTHOR
Dariush
Bastani
bastani@mailinator.com
2
مهندسی شیمی و نفت
AUTHOR
Iraj
Goodarznia
goodarznia@sharif.edu
3
مهندسی شیمی و نفت
AUTHOR
1- Bastani, D. and Memari, M. (2008). ”Experimental investigation Liquid-Liquid Jets and determination of its
1
hydrodynamic characteristics.” 12th Iranian Chemical Engineering Congress.
2
2- Fossa, M. (1995). “A simple model to evaluate direct contact heat transfer and flow characteristics in annular
3
two-phase flow.” Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, 16: 272-279.
4
3- Mitrovic J. and Stephan K. (1996). “Mean fluid temperature in direct contact heat exchangers without phase
5
change.” Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 39(13):2245-2750.
6
4- Shahihi, M. K. and Ozbelge, T. A. (1995). “Direct contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids
7
flowing in a horizontal concentric annulus.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 21(6):1025-1036.
8
5- Oh, S., Nguyen, H. D. and Paik, S. (2000). “A legendre-spectral element method for flow and heat transfer
9
about an accelerating droplet.” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 33:59-79.
10
6- Feng, Z. and Michaelides, E. (2000). “A numerical study on the transient heat transfer from a sphere at high
11
Reynolds numbers.” Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 43:219-229.
12
7- Rider, W. J. and Kothe, D. B. (1998). “Reconstructing volume tracking.” J. of Compt. Physics, 141: 112-152.
13
8- Scardovelli, R. and Zaleski, S. (1999). “Direct numerical simulation of free-surface and interfacial flow.”
14
Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 3 1:567-603.
15
9- Tomotika, S. (1935). “On the instability of a cylindrical thread of a viscous liquid surrounded by another
16
viscous fluid.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London a 150, 322–337.
17
10- Rayleigh, J.W.S. (1879). “On the instability of jets.” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 10,
18
4–13.
19
11- Kitamura, Y., Mishima, H. and Takahashi, T. (1982). “Stability of jets in liquid–liquid systems.” Canadian
20
Journal of Chemical Engineering, 60, 723–731.
21
12- Teng, H., Kinoshita, C.M. and Masutani, S.M. (1995). “Prediction of droplet size from breakup of
22
cylindrical liquid jets.” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 21, 129–136.
23
13- Das, T.K., (1997a). “Prediction of jet breakup length in liquid–liquid systems using the Rayleigh–Tomotika
24
analysis.” Atomization and Sprays, 7, 549–559.
25
14- Bright, A. (1985). “Minimum drop volume in liquid jet breakup.” Chemical Engineering Research and
26
Design, 63, 59–66.
27
15- Das, T.K. (1997b). “Prediction of jet breakup length in liquid–liquid systems using the Rayleigh–Tomotika
28
analysis.” Atomization and Sprays, 7, 549–559.
29
16- Richards, J.R., Beris, A.N. and Lenhoff, A.M. (1993). “Steady laminar flow of liquid–liquid jets at high
30
Reynolds numbers.” Physics of Fluids, A 5, 1703–1717.
31
17- Hirt, C.W., Nichols, B.D. (1981). “Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries.”
32
Journal of Computational Physics, 39, 201–225.
33
18- Skelland, A.H.P. and Johnson, K.R. (1974). “Jet Break-up in Liquid-. Liquid Systems.” Can. J. Chem. Eng.,
34
52,732-738.
35
19- Davis, M. R. and Rerkshanandana, P. (1991). “The influence of large eddies on thermal mixing.” Int. J. of
36
Heat and Mass Transfer, 34(7):1633-1647.
37
20- Qian, J., Polymeropoulos, C. E., Ulisse, R. (1992). “Liquid jet evolution from a gas chromatographic
38
injector”. J. of Chromatography, 609:269-276.
39
21- Storr, G. J. and Behnia, M. (2000). “Comparisons between experiment and numerical simulation using a free
40
surface technique of free-falling liquid jets.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 22:79-91.
41
22- Shunji, H., Jiro, K., Shiro, M., Museok, S. and Grétar, T. (2007). "Breakup mode of an axisymmetric liquid
42
jet injected into another immiscible liquid.” Chemical Engineering Science, 61, 3986 – 3996
43
23-Memari, M. and Bastani, D. (2009), “Numerical simulation of axisymmetric jet of dispersion phase to
44
continue phase form a nozzle.” Iranian Journal Chemical and Chemical Engineering. (submitted)
45